Juan de Brugada

The Spanish National pattern was the orthodox reference for Spanish-suited cards for over 250 years and a basis for several offshoots. This example by Juan de Brugada, Real Fábrica de Madrid (the Royal Manufactory awarded chosen manufacturers the monopoly of playing-card production), is dated 1821.

The four kings are unbearded and their feet are hidden by their robes. The four cavaliers are captivatingly portrayed as horsewomen, with flowing tresses and distinctive U-shaped breasts. This artistic innovation emerged around 1810, potentially influenced by French Aluette packs. This suggests that the Spanish packs were being adapted to accommodate Aluette players, thus making them more accessible. The horses depicted in a rearing stance add a dynamic element to the composition.

Following the closure of the Real Fábrica, numerous new workshops emerged, giving rise to personal interpretations of the National Pattern. These interpretations were tailored for domestic markets or Spanish America and North Africa, often replicating or imitating its distinctive features using newer printing technologies. The decorative motifs on the four and five of coins are often seen in later Belgian copies.

Above: Spanish National pattern by Juan de Brugada, Real Fabrica de Madrid, 1821. 48 cards, hand-coloured woodcut, backs printed in blue with a pattern of stars. The ace of coins reads "Real Fabrica de Madrid. Por Don Ivan de Brugada de 1821"; the 4 of cups has the legend "Naypes Refinos". On the wrapper are the arms of Spain with "Naypes Finisimos fabricados para la diversion de Sus Macesdadis y Real Famills. Real Fabrica de Madrid. Por Don Ivan de Brugada e hijo ano de 1821". © The Trustees of the British Museum • Museum number 1896,0501.850►